Blog
Educational articles on insider trading, SEC filings, and market insights.
Form 4 Transaction Codes Decoded: Signal vs. Noise
A plain-English taxonomy of every SEC Form 4 transaction code — which codes carry real directional signal (P, S) and which are compensation mechanics with no signal at all (F, A, M). Includes a practical decision tree.
The Insider Cluster Buying Signal Explained
When multiple corporate insiders independently buy the same stock within two weeks, that cluster is the highest-conviction signal in the SEC disclosure ecosystem. Here’s the academic evidence and a free screening workflow.
Section 16 Foreign Private Issuers: What the HFIAA Changed for Investors
The HFIAA ended the FPI Section 16 exemption on March 18, 2026. Foreign company insiders now file Form 4 on EDGAR — here's what changed, who's still exempt, and how to read the new filings.
How Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans Work
The one Form 4 checkbox that separates meaningful insider sales from scheduled compensation liquidation — and what the 2023 SEC overhaul changed about how to read it.
STOCK Act Congressional Trading: A Plain-English Guide
How the STOCK Act disclosure system works, where to find every PTR, why the $200 fine has largely failed, and what six reform bills in the 119th Congress would change for investors.
How to Read Congressional Stock Trading Disclosures
What the STOCK Act Periodic Transaction Report actually shows, field by field — the 45-day lag, dollar ranges instead of exact amounts, where to find House and Senate filings, and what four structural gaps mean for using congressional trades as a signal.
How to Read SEC Form 13F: Institutional Ownership Explained
What Form 13F shows, who must file it, when it lands on EDGAR, and how to use the quarterly holdings data without being tripped up by the 45-day lag and hidden short positions.
What Insider Trading Actually Means (And Why It's Legal)
Most people hear "insider trading" and think handcuffs. The reality is far more nuanced — and far more useful to investors who know what to look for.
How to Read an SEC Form 4: A Plain-English Guide to Insider Trading Filings
Corporate insiders are required to tell you when they buy or sell shares. Learn how to actually read those filings — with real examples from Apple, NeurAxis, and Tectonic Therapeutic.